DFT bands around the gap for (red) DFT-relaxed tb-MoS₂ with θ = 5.09°, and (green) the structure with z-modulation calculated by equation (1): (a) conduction bands, (b) valence bands. The energy 0 is fixed at the maximum energy of the valence bands. As these two structures do not have the same gap, an energy shift ΔE is introduced to compare conduction bands easily: ΔE(DFT relaxed) = 0, and ΔE(z-mod) = − 36 meV. Lines are guides for the eye.