Regular Article

Split ring resonator loaded EF-structured left-handed metamaterial for modern electronic communications^★

¹ Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
² Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

^* e-mail rashed@ukm.edu.my

Received: 7 October 2019
Received in final form: 4 January 2020
Accepted: 21 January 2020
Published online: 3 March 2020

Abstract

A novel miniaturised EF-structured metamaterial loaded with split ring resonator (SRR) has been developed and investigated for multi-band frequency applications. Miniaturisation is achieved by increasing the metallic strips to form EF-structure resonator. Commercially available, the advanced electromagnetic simulator has been utilised for the layout design and elaborated analysis of this developed left-handed metamaterial. The unit cell structure is embedded in low-cost FR4 dielectric substrate and size of the metamaterial is 11.11 × 11.11 mm². Due to the miniaturised size, a highly effective medium ratio of about 14.82 is obtained. The developed left-handed metamaterial exhibits negative permittivity, negative permeability, and negative refractive index over multiple frequency ranges. Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method has been utilised for the extraction of the effective parameters. Thus, a novel metamaterial has been presented where the miniaturised size and its performances makes it compatible to use for the applications of 1.82 GHz, 2.22 GHz, 4.82 GHz, 5.89 GHz, 10.54 GHz, i.e. for digital cellular system (DCS), earth exploration-satellite communications (EESC), lower band 5G mobile communications, WiMAX applications, and military satellite applications, respectively. Furthermore, the metamaterial has average SAR reduction of about 44%. These results proceed to a guideway of better SAR reduction of modern electronic communications.